τὴν ἀκοήν

ἀλήθεια, ας, ἡ (cp. λανθάνω ‘escape notice’ s. DELG s.v. λανθάνω; Schwyzer I 469; Hom. +) prim. ‘hiding nothing’.

① the quality of being in accord with what is true, truthfulness, dependability, uprightness in thought and deed (Alcaeus 57 [366 L.-P.]; Mimnermus 8 al.) of God (Gen 24:27 al.) Ro 3:7; 15:8. Of people (Pittacus in Diog. L. 1, 78; Arrian, Anab. 7, 30, 3; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 11, 6; 4 Km 20:3; Judg 9:15f al.; EpArist 206) ἐν ἀ. λαλεῖν speak truthfully 2 Cor 7:14; (w. εἰλικρίνεια) 1 Cor 5:8; (w. ἀγαθωσύνη and δικαιοσύνη) Eph 5:9; 1 Cl 19:1; 31:2; 35:2; Pol 2:1; ἐν πάσῃ ἀ. w. perfect fidelity 4:2.—Hm 8:9; 12, 3, 1; Hs 9, 15, 2.

② the content of what is true, truth (opp. ψεῦδος)

ⓐ gener. ἀ. λαλεῖν tell the truth (Zech 8:16) Eph 4:25; Hm 3:5; 2 Cl 12:3. ἀ. λέγειν (Hdt. 2, 115 al.; PGiss 84, 14 [II A.D.] τὴν ἀ. εἰπεῖν) Ro 9:1; 1 Ti 2:7. Fut. ἀ. ἐρῶ 2 Cor 12:6. ἀ. ἀγαπᾶν Hm 3:1. Opp. ψεύδεσθαι κατὰ τῆς ἀ. lie against the truth Js 3:14; εἶπεν αὐτῷ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀ. she told him the whole truth Mk 5:33 (cp. Hdt. 9, 89; Thu. 6, 87, 1 al.; Cleopatra ln. 88; POxy 283, 13f [45 A.D.] γνωσθῆναι πᾶσαν τὴν ἀ.; Jos., Bell. 7, 31 πυθόμενος παρʼ αὐτοῦ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀ.). ἐν λόγῳ ἀληθείας by truthful speech 2 Cor 6:7; ῥήματα ἀληθείας Ac 26:25; μόρφωσις τῆς γνώσεως καὶ τῆς ἀ. embodiment of knowledge and truth Ro 2:20; ἡ ἁγνότης τῆς ἀ. the purity that belongs to truth Hv 3, 7, 3. ἔξωθεν τῆς ἀ.=ψευδής 3, 4, 3.

ⓑ esp. of the content of Christianity as the ultimate truth (cp. Plut., Mor. 351e ἀ. περὶ θεῶν; Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 178, the proselyte is a μεταναστὰς εἰς ἀ.) Eph 4:21 (CScott, Exp. 8th ser. 3, 1912, 178–85; FBriggs, ET 39, 1928, 526). ὁ λόγος τῆς ἀ. the word of truth Eph 1:13; 2 Ti 2:15; Js 1:18. ὁ λόγος τῆς ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τοῦ παρόντος εἰς ὑμᾶς Col 1:5; cp. 2 Pt 1:12. ἡ ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Gal 2:5, 14. ἔστιν ἀ. Χριστοῦ ἐν ἐμοί 2 Cor 11:10. ὁ περὶ ἀ. λόγος Pol 3:2; πείθεσθαι τῇ ἀ. Gal 5:7; πιστεύειν τῇ ἀ. 2 Th 2:12; hence πίστει ἀληθείας belief in the truth vs. 13; δύνασθαί τι κατὰ τῆς ἀ. … ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀ. 2 Cor 13:8; περιπατεῖν ἐν ἀ. 2J 4; 3J 3f (cp. 4 Km 20:3); ζῆν κατὰ ἀ. IEph 6:2; πορεύεσθαι κατὰ τὴν ἀ. Pol 5:2; ἐν ἀ. (3 Km 2:4) Hm 3:4; gird oneself w. truth Eph 6:14; cp. Hm 11:4.—Truth expresses itself in virtues like righteousness and holiness, Eph 4:24 (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 67, 1 Jac. δικαιοσύνην κ. ἀλ.). Hence it is contrasted w. ἀδικία 1 Cor 13:6; Ro 1:18; 2:8. In the last-named passage a negative attitude toward the truth is called ἀπειθεῖν τῇ ἀ. Also πλανᾶσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀ. wander from the truth Js 5:19; ἀστοχεῖν περὶ τὴν ἀ. 2 Ti 2:18; καταστρέφειν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀ. Hs 6, 2, 1, cp. 4; ἀποστρέφειν τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀ. 2 Ti 4:4 opp. μῦθοι, cp. ἀποστρέφεσθαι Tit 1:14; ἀποστερεῖσθαι τῆς ἀ. 1 Ti 6:5; ἐρευνᾶν περὶ τῆς ἀ. make inquiries about the truth Hm 10, 1, 4; 6; ἀνθίστασθαι τῇ ἀ. oppose the truth (i.e. the gospel) 2 Ti 3:8. Opp. μῦθοι 4:4. Truth can be communicated (cp. Did., Gen. 86, 21): φανερώσει τῆς ἀ. by a clear statement of the truth 2 Cor 4:2 (sim. in later Christian prayer POxy 925, 4f φανέρωσόν μοι τὴν παρὰ σοὶ ἀλ.); is taught D 11:10; recognized 1 Ti 4:3; Hv 3, 6, 2; cp. ἐπίγνωσις τῆς ἀληθείας (Alex. Aphr., Quaest. 3, 12, II 2 p. 102, 3 γνῶσις τ. ἀληθείας) 1 Ti 2:4; 2 Ti 2:25; 3:7; Tit 1:1; Hb 10:26; ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀ.1 Ti 3:15; ὁδὸς τῆς ἀ. 2 Pt 2:2; 1 Cl 35:5 (cp. Pind., P. 3, 103; Eur., Fgm. 289; Gen 24:48 al.; En 104:13; OdeSol 11:3); ὑπακοὴ τῆς ἀ. 1 Pt 1:22; ἀγάπη τῆς ἀ. 2 Th 2:10. God is πατὴρ τῆς ἀ. 2 Cl 3:1; 20:5; φῶς ἀληθείας IPhld 2:1 (cp. Ps 42:3); θεὸς τῆς ἀ. (1 Esdr 4:40) 2 Cl 19:1; cp. 1 Cl 60:2. The reverse genitival constr. in ἀ. τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 1:25, is best rendered truth about God (so Twentieth Century NT, NRSV) as opp. to the deception of polytheists, who in effect lie about God despite their better knowledge described vss. 19–21 (REB et al.: truth of God).—Ἀ. is a favorite word of the Joh. lit., and plays a major role in it. God’s word is truth J 17:17 (Ps 118:142). Truth w. χάρις 1:14, 17; w. πνεῦμα 4:23f; cp. ἐν ἔργῳ καὶ ἀ. 1J 3:18 (opp. λόγῳ, γλώσσῃ). W. ἀγάπη 2J 3. The Spirit leads into truth J 16:13; hence πνεῦμα τῆς ἀ. 14:17; 15:26; 16:13; 1J 4:6 (cp. Hm 3:4). πνεῦμα is identified w. ἀ. 1J 5:6; it is mediated through Christ J 1:17, who calls himself truth 14:6 (cp. PGM 5, 148 ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀλήθεια, on the other hand POxy 1380, 63 [early II A.D.] Isis is called ἀ.; Apollonaretal. Berl. Gr. Pap. 11517 [II A.D.]: Her 55, 1920, 188–95 ln. 52 Apollo as the ἀψευδὴς ἀ.; M. Ant., 9, 1, 2 God=Nature ἀλήθεια ὀνομάζεται; Lucian, Hist. Conscr. 61 says of a good history-writer: ἦν ἀλήθεια ἐπὶ πᾶσι); hence as source of praise for a Christian Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται … ὑπʼ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀ. 3J 12. One who possesses Christ knows truth (γινώσκ. τὴν ἀ. as Jos., Ant. 13, 291; Tat. 13, 1; ἀληθείας γνῶσις: Maximus Tyr. 26, 5b; Did., Gen. 116, 17) J 8:32; (cp. 1QS 5:10); 2J 1; does the truth J 3:21, cp. 1J 1:6 (ποιεῖν τὴν ἀ. Gen 32:11; 47:29; Is 26:10 al.; TestReub 6:9; TestBenj 10:3; ἔλεος καὶ ἀ. PsSol 17:15); stands in the truth J 8:44; is of the truth 18:37; cp. 1J 2:21; 3:19 (ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας=corresponding to the truth PTurin I, 6, 13). The truth sets one free J 8:32, but is not present in those who deny the fact of sin in their lives 1J 1:8 or do not heed Christ’s commands. Christ proclaims this truth: λέγειν (Jos., Ant. 10, 124) J 8:45f; 16:7; λαλεῖν 8:40 (also λαλεῖν ἐν ἀ. IEph 6:2); μαρτυρεῖν τῇ ἀ. 18:37. As John the Baptist witnesses to Jesus, he witnesses to the truth 5:33; cp. μαρτυρούντων σου τῇ ἀληθείᾳ bear witness to your ( fidelity to the) truth 3J 3; ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀ. vs. 8. In Pilate’s question τί ἐστιν ἀ.; J 18:38 the worldling speaks (cp. 4 Macc 5:10). Opp. θάνατος ISm 5:1.—Mlt-Turner 177f.

③ an actual event or state, reality (Diogenes 21 p. 114, 10 al. Malherbe; Mel., P. 4, 33; 42, 289 [opp. τύπος] Diod S 2, 8, 4) as opposed to mere appearance (opp. πρόφασις) Phil 1:18. κατὰ ἀλήθειαν rightly Ro 2:2 (cp. Diod S 4, 64, 2 οἱ κατʼ ἀλήθειαν γονεῖς; M. Ant. 2, 11, 3; 4, 11; Damianus of Larissa p. 20, 2 [ed. Schöne 1897]; PCairZen 202, 7 [254 B.C.]; EpArist 140; 4 Macc 5:18; Just. A I, 2, 1; Ath., R. 66, 11; Orig., C. Cels. 2, 13, 84; PGM 12, 235). ἐν ἀληθείᾳ indeed, truly (Jer 33:15; ἀγαπᾶν PsSol 6:6; 10:3; 14:1 al.) Mt 22:16; J 17:19; 1 Cl 63:1 (s. also 2b on 1J 3:18). ἐπιγινώσκειν τὴν χάριν ἐν ἀλ. Col 1:6; οὓς ἐγὼ ἀγαπῶ ἐν ἀλ. 2J 1, cp. 3J 1, belongs here (like the epist. formulas PFay 118, 26; 119, 26 [100–110 A.D.] τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς πρὸς ἀ.=‘really and truly’). ἐπʼ ἀληθείας in accordance w. the truth, truly (Demosth. 18, 17; SIG 495, 174 [III B.C.]; PAmh 68, 33; POxy 480, 9; Job, Da; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 60; 248): διδάσκειν Mk 12:14; Lk 20:21; εἰπεῖν Mk 12:32; λέγειν Lk 4:25; συνάγεσθαι Ac 4:27; καταλαμβάνεσθαι 10:34; τελειοῦν 1 Cl 23:5; ἐπιστέλλειν 47:3; ἐπʼ ἀ. καὶ οὗτος μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἦν certainly this fellow (s. οὗτος 1aα) was with him, too Lk 22:59.—GStorz, Gebr. u. Bedeutungsentwicklg v. ἀλήθεια u. begriffsverwandten Wörtern, diss. Tüb. 1922; WLuther, ‘Wahrheit’ u. ‘Lüge’ im ältest. Griechentum ’35; HBraun, Qumran und d. NT II ’66, 118–44; I de la Potterie, TU 73, ’59, 277–94 (John); BJackayya, CTM 41, ’70, 171–75 (John); RBultmann, Untersuchungen z. J. Ἀλήθεια: ZNW 27, 1928, 113–63.—EDNT. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

διαφθείρω, [tense] fut.

A

- φθερῶ S.OT 438

, etc., [dialect] Ep.

- φθέρσω Il.13.625

: [tense] pf.

διέφθαρκα E.Med. 226

, Pl.Ap. 30d, etc.; also διέφθορα (v. infr. 111):— [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

διαφθᾰρήσομαι Th.4.37

; [dialect] Ion.

διαφθερέομαι Hdt.8.108

, 9.42: [ per.] 3pl. [tense] plpf.

διεφθάρατο Id.8.90

:—destroy utterly,

πόλιν Il.13.625

;

ἔργα διαφθείρεσκε Hdt.1.36

; make away with, kill,

τινά Id.9.88

, etc.; destroy, ruin, ἥδ' ἡμέρα φύσει σε καὶ διαφθερεῖ S.l.c.;

τὴν τύχην Id.Ph.1069

; δ. χεῖρα weaken, slacken one's hand, E.Med. 1055; spoil, break,

ὑγιῆ λίθον IG7.3073.33

(Lebad., ii B.C.);

τὰ θυρώματα διεφθάρθαι IG22.1046.11

; δ. τὴν συνουσίαν break up the party, Pl.Prt. 338d.

2 in moral sense, corrupt, ruin,

γνώμην A.Ag. 932

; δ. τοὺς νέους, τοὺς νεωτέρους, Pl.Ap. 30b, 25a;

νεανίσκον συνὼν δ. Eup. 337

; esp. corrupt by bribes, Hdt.5.51;

ἀργυρίῳ δ. τινά Lys.28.9

;

διαφθειρομένων ἐπὶ χρήμασι D.18.45

; δ. γυναῖκα seduce a woman, Lys.1.16, etc., cf. E.Ba. 318 ([voice] Pass.); δ. τοὺς νόμους falsify, counterfeit them, Isoc.18.11;

γραμματεῖον Id.17.33

([voice] Pass., ib.24);

τὰ φεφ αδηκότα IG9(1).334.37

([dialect] Locr., V. B.C.).

3 οὐδὲν διαφθείρας τοῦ χρώματος having changed nothing of his colour, Pl.Phd. 117b.

4 of a woman, to lose by miscarriage or premature birth, ἔμβρυα, βρέφος, Hp.Aph.5.53, Plu.2.242c: abs., miscarry, Hp.Epid.7.73, Is.8.36:—[voice] Pass.,

τῶν διαφθαρεισῶν τὰ ἔμβρυα Hp.Mul.1.72

.

5 lose, forget, E.Hipp. 389.

6 = διάγω, dub. in Id.Fr. 280.

II [voice] Pass., to be destroyed, δ. ἐπὶ τοῖς ἱματίοις to be murdered for the clothes he wore, Antipho 2.2.5; of animals, freq. in Pap., POxy.74.14 (ii A.D.), etc.; esp. to be crippled, disabled, Hdt.1.34; of ships, ib. 166, And.1.142; to be spoilt,

γάλα BGU1109.11

(i B.C.), cf. Th.7.84; to be corrupted,

αἷμα Gal.15.297

, al.;

τὴν ἀκοὴν διεφθαρμένος

deaf,

Hdt.1.38

; τὰ σκέλεα διεφθάρησαν had their legs broken, Id.8.28;

διέφθαρμαι δέμας τὸ πᾶν S.Tr. 1056

;

τὰ ὄμματα δ.

blinded,

Pl.R. 517a

;

σὰς φρένας E.Hel. 1192

; τὸ φρενῶν διαφθαρέν, = φρενοβλάβεια, Id.Or. 297, cf. X.Cyr.4.1.8: abs., διεφθαρμένος decomposed, of a corpse, Pl.R. 614b.

III [tense] pf. διέφθορα intr., to have lost one's wits,

διέφθορας Il. 15.128

; also in Hp., διεφθορὸς αἷμα corrupted blood, Mul.2.134; freq. in later Prose,

γάλα δ. ἤδη J.AJ5.5.4

;

τὰ δ. σώματα Plu.2.87c

, cf. 128e, Luc.Sol.3, etc.; but,

2 in Trag. and Com. always trans. (cf. Ammon.42, Moer.127),

τὰς.. ἐλπίδας διέφθορεν S.El. 306

;

τὰς φρένας διέφθορε.. μοναρχία E.Hipp. 1014

;

τὸν λόγον δ. Cratin. 292

, cf. Eup. l.c., Pherecr.145.15, Ar.Fr. 490, Men.3.

IV [tense] aor. διέφθειρα intr., became corrupt, LXXJd.2.19.

πικρ-αίνω,

A make sharp or keen, esp. to the taste, π. τὴν κοιλίαν make it bitter, Apoc.10.9:— [voice] Pass.,

τὸ στόμα πικραίνεται Hp.Acut.30

: opp. γλυκαίνεσθαι, Arist. Ph. 244b20.

2 metaph., embitter, irritate,

τὴν ψυχήν LXX Jb.27.2

; τὴν ἀκοήν affect it harshly, opp. γλυκαίνω, D.H.Comp.12, 15; make harsh, νόμους cj. in A.Eu. 693 :—[voice] Pass., to be exasperated, embittered, Pl.Lg. 731d, Theoc.5.120; ὁ ζωγράφος πονεῖ τι καὶ π. vexes himself, Antiph.144.3;

π. ἐπί τισι LXXEx.16.20

; ἔν τισι ib.Ru.1.20; also ἐπικράνθη μοι it grieved me, ib.13.

3 of style, make harsh or rugged,

διάλεκτον D.H.Dem.55

, cf. 34.

στῡφ-ω, Hp.Int.14, etc.: [tense] aor. inf.

A

στύψαι Hsch.

:—[voice] Pass. (v.infr.):—contract, draw together, τὴν κοιλίην στύφεσθαι becomes costive, Hp.Aër.7;

στῦψαι πλάδον Aret.CA1.1

; esp. of an astringent taste, χείλεα στυφθείς having his lips drawn up by the taste, AP9.375; δέρμα ἐστυμμένον, i.e. made watertight, Gal.12.846; mix with στυπτηρία, PMag.Leid.V.6.18; [tense] aor. 2 part. [voice] Pass. στυφέντα in this last sense, PHolm.24.13 ( στυφόεντα cj. Lagercrantz): metaph. of sounds, φωναὶ στύφουσαι τὴν ἀκοήν, opp. διαχέουσαι, D.H.Comp.15.

2 in dyeing, treat fabrics, etc., with a mordant, Lysis ap.Iamb.VP17.76; στῦψον τῇ ἰσάτι prepare it by a preliminary dyeing with woad, PHolm.21.42; στύφει [ τὴν ἄγχουσαν] fixes alkanet, ib.15.18.

3 intr. in [voice] Act., στύφει κατ' ὀλίγον τὸ οὖρον gradually diminishes, Hp.Int.14.

II intr., to be astringent, Arist.Pr. 863b17, Philonid. ap. Ath.15.675e, Dsc.1.116,118, Sor. 1.81, Gal.6.68, Hices. ap. Ath.7.321a.

2 metaph., to be harsh, austere, gloomy, Them.Or.27.339a, cf. Hsch. s.v. στύψαι. [ῡ, Nic.Al. 278, cf. 375 ([etym.] ἐν-) ; ῠ to be assumed in στυφέντα (s.v.l.).]

ἀπεσθίω, [tense] fut.

A

ἀπέδομαι Ar.Av.26

: [tense] aor. part.

ἀποφαγών Id.Eq. 497

: [tense] pf.

ἀπεδήδοκα Id.Ra. 984

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. 1

ἀπηδέσθην Pl.Com.138

: [tense] pf.

ἀπεδήδεμαι Arist.HA 591a5

:—eat, gnaw off,

τοὺς δακτύλους Hermipp. 24

, cf. Ar.Av.26;

ἀπεσθίει μου τὴν ἀκοήν Hermipp.52

;

τίς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀπεδήδοκεν τῆς μαινίδος; Ar.Ra. 984

;

ἀπεσθίελ τὴν ῥῖνα τἀνθρώπου D.25.61

.

II leave off eating, τὰ πετραῖα τῶν ἰχθυδίων Theopomp. Com.62.

ὑποσύρω [pron. full] [ῡ],

A drag down,

τὰς ἁμάξας εἰς τὸν ποταμόν Plu.Pyrrh. 28

; ὑ. τὰ σκέλη trip them up, D.S.17.100;

ὑ. τὸν πόδα Luc.Anach. 27

:—[voice] Pass., ὑποσῠρέντων τῶν ἵππων if the horses were tripped up, Sch. Il.Oxy.221 xii 33;

ὑπεσύρησαν εἰς τὸ βαθὺ τῆς λίμνης Ach.Tat.4.14

: metaph.,

ὑποσῠρῆναι εἰς τὸν ἔσχατον μεριστόν

to be brought down,

Dam. Pr. 106

;

ὅταν.. οἱ κάμνοντες εἰς τὴν τοιαύτην ὑποσύρωνται τοῦ σώματος διάθεσιν Gal.15.607

:—[voice] Med., draw off downwards, undermine,

χώματα App.Mith.76

(so the [voice] Act., v. l. in J.BJ2.19.5);

ὑποσύρεσθαι νηδύν

purge,

Nic.Al. 367

(so in [voice] Pass.,

ὑποσυρέσθω ἡ κοιλία Archig.

ap. Aët.6.7).

II metaph., trip up, Plu.2.446b ([voice] Pass.); draw away gradually, seduce, in [voice] Pass., S.E.M.8.241, Gal.1.317, 17(1).619; entrance, beguile,

τὴν ἀκοήν Procop.Gaz.Ep. 128

([voice] Act.), 33 ([voice] Pass.).

2 reduce, diminish, abridge,

τὴν γραφήν D.H.1.7

(v.l. for ἐπι-).

λεαίνω, also [full] λειαίνω, Sol.4.35, Nic.Th.95, Gp.4.12.13: [tense] fut.

A

λεᾰνῶ Arist.PA 674b21

; [dialect] Ep.

λειᾰνέω Il.15.261

: [tense] aor. 1

ἐλέηνα Hdt.1.200

, Nic.Fr.70.15, - ᾱνα Arist.GA 788b31,

ἐλείανα IG12.372E11

,373.174; [dialect] Ep. ἐλείηνα, λείηνα, Il.4.111, Od.8.260:—[voice] Med., Muson.Fr.18 B p.101 H.: [dialect] Ep.[tense] aor.

λειηνάμην Nic.Th. 646

:—[voice] Pass., Pl.Plt. 270e: [tense] aor.

ἐλεάνθην Dsc.3.158

, S.E.P.1.130; [dialect] Ion.subj.

λειανθέωσι Hp.Mul.2.168

; part.

λειανθείς Gp.11.13.2

, Philotim. ap. Orib.4.10.1: [tense] pf.inf.

λελειάνθαι Thphr.Fr.30.2

, Ph.2.510; part.

λελεασμένος Damocr.

ap. Gal.13.989, Dsc.5.75, Dieuch. ap. Orib.4.6.2, Porph.Abst.4.7,

λελειασμένος Ph.1.302

:—smooth, polish, of a worker in horn or stone,

πᾶν δ' εὖ λειήνας Il.4.111

, cf. IGll.cc.; ἵπποισι κέλευθον πᾶσαν λειανέω I will smooth the way, Il.15.261;

λείηναν δὲ χορόν Od.8.260

,

λ. τὰ τραχυνθέντα Pl. Ti. 66c

; λ. τὰ κηρία, of bees, Arist.HA 625b19:—[voice] Pass.,

λεαινόμενοι τὰ σώματα Theopomp.Hist.195

.

2 triturate, pound in a mortar, Hdt.l.c.; grind down (of the teeth), X.Mem.1.4.6, Arist.Ph. 198b26, HA 501b31, Nic.Th.95, Ph.1.63:—[voice] Med., grind small, Nic.Th. 646:— [voice] Pass., Philotim. ap. Orib. l.c.

b generally, crush, extirpate,

τὰ φυόμενα Hdt.4.122

.

3 smooth away,

τὰς τῶν σκυτῶν ῥυτίδας Pl. Smp. 191a

, cf. Plt.l.c. ([voice] Pass.): metaph., smooth or soften down,

τὸν Μαρδονίον λόγον Hdt.8.142

;

τὸ ἐπίχολον λ. τῷ ὕπνῳ Philostr.Im.2.11

; polish style, D.H.Comp.16: metaph., also, λ. τὴν κατάποσιν tickle the palate, Muson.l.c.;

τὴν ἀκοήν D.H.Comp.12

: abs., [ὁ χυλὸς] λεαίνει lubricates, soothes, Thphr.CP6.2.1.

II intr., to be smooth, Arist.Pr. 936a15.

ξεν-ίζω, [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. [full] ξεινίζω, [tense] fut. -ιῶ, later

A

- ίσω Gp.12.13.12

: [dialect] Ep.[tense] aor.ἐξείνισσα, ξείνισσα, -ισα (v. infr.): ([etym.] ξένος):— receive or entertain as a guest,

ξείνους Od.3.355

;

τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ.. ἐῢ ἐξείνισσα 19.194

;

ἐννῆμαρ ξείνισσε Il.6.174

; ξείνισ' ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ib. 217 ;

ξ. τινὰ ἐν δόμοις E.Alc. 1013

, etc.;

ξ. [τινὰ] σίτοισι S.Fr. 666

; ξ. τινὰ πολλοῖς ἀγαθοῖς to present with hospitable gifts, X.Cyr.5.3.2 ; ὑμᾶς ἐν πόλει ξενίσωμεν ὧν.. εἴχομεν with or on what we had, Ar.Lys. 1184 : metaph., ὃν.. Ἄρης οὐκ ἐξένισεν, i.e. who fell not in battle, S.El.96 (anap.): —[voice] Pass., to be entertained as a guest, Ar.Ach.73 ;

ξενισθεὶς μὴ ἀντιξενίσαι Phld.Vit.p.30

J.;

ὑπό τινος Hdt.1.30

, X.HG3.1.24, etc.;

παρά τινι D.S.14.30

, Act.Ap.10.6, 21.16 ;

πρός τινα Philem.109

: metaph.,

λαχάνοισιν, ὥσπερ χῆνες, ἐξενισμένοι Theopomp.Com.13

.

II surprise, astonish by some strange sight,

ξενίζουσαν καὶ καταπληκτικὴν πρόσοψιν Plb.3.114.4

; ξ. τὴν ἀκοήν, of strange words, Hld.6.14 ;

ξ. καὶ ταράττειν Gp.2.48.2

; ξ. [τὴν τῶν πολλῶν συνήθειαν] do violence to the ordinary use of language, Simp.in Cael.679.28 :—[voice] Pass., to be astonished, S.Ichn.137 ; τινι Plb.1.23.5, 3.68.9, 1 Ep.Pet.4.12 ;

διὰ τὸ παράδοξον Plb.1.49.7

;

ἐπί τινι Id.2.27.4

, D.S.31.2 ;

κατά τι Plb.1.33.1

;

μὴ συντρεχόντων ὑμῶν 1 Ep.Pet.4.4

;

εἰ.. M.Ant.8.15

, cf. Vett.Val.302.17 ;

πῶς.. PStrassb. 35.6

(v A. D.) ; to be puzzled, unable to comprehend, Ael.Tact.1.6 ; of fresh leeches, to be unaccustomed to the skin, Antyll. ap. Orib.7.21.1.

2 make strange, of plants and animals, i.e. stunt their growth and distort them, Gp.9.5.3 ([voice] Pass.); τῷ πλήθει ξενιζομένη ἡ φύσις being altered in character, Alex.Aphr.Pr.1.80, cf.Hippiatr.15.

III intr., to be a stranger, speak with a foreign accent, D.57.18 ;

τὸ ξενίζον τῆς λέξεως D.S.12.53

, cf. Luc.Hist.Conscr.45.

2 to be strange or unusual, of diseases, Gal.17(1).162 ;

ξ. τῷ σχήματι Luc.Anach.16

;

τῷ τρίβωνι Id.Merc.Cond.24

;

θάνατος.. τῇ τόλμῃ ξενίζων Id.Hist. Conscr.25

.

προσεν-οχλέω,

A disturb or offend still more,

τὴν ὄψιν Hp.Medic.2

;

τὴν ἀκοήν Phld.Po.2.3

.

τῠλ-όω,

A make knobby:—[voice] Pass., ῥόπαλα τετυλωμένα σιδήρῳ clubs knobbed with iron, Hdt.7.63; of the outside of the

κίτριον, σκληρὸν καὶ τετ. Gal.6.618

.

II make callous,

τυλοῖ τὸ στόμα [ὁ χαλινός] X.Eq.6.9

:—[voice] Pass., to be made hard or callous,

τετυλωμένης τῆς μήτρας Orib.22.7.1

, cf. Sor.1.10, al.;

μακέλᾳ τετυλωμένος ἔνδοθι χεῖρας Theoc.16.32

;

τετυλωμένα βλέφαρα Dsc.5.99

.

2 metaph.,

τὴν χεῖρα καὶ τὴν ἀκοὴν πρὸς τὰ ἐξαρτήματα Iamb.VP26.118

, cf. Arr. Epict.2.18.9.—Cf. τυλωτός, and v. μυλόομαι.

φρίσσω, [dialect] Att. [full] φρίττω Pl.R. 387c: [tense] fut.

A

φρίξω Gal.13.365

: [tense] aor.

ἔφριξα Il.13.339

, etc.: [tense] pf.

πέφρῑκα 11.383

, etc.; poet. part.

πεφρίκοντες Pi.P.4.183

: [tense] plpf.

ἐπεφρίκει Plu.2.781e

, Alciphr.1.1:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 1 ἐφριξάμην f.l. in Polyaen.4.6.7. [[pron. full] ῑ by nature, hence to be accented φρῖσσον in Hes.Sc. 171,

φρῖξαι S.El. 1408

(lyr.)]:— to be rough or uneven on the surface, bristle, φρίσσουσιν ἄρουραι (sc. σταχύεσσι) Il.23.599;

φρίξας κάρπιμος στάχυς E.Supp.31

; of a line of battle,

ἔφριξεν μάχη ἐγχείῃσιν Il.13.339

;

φάλαγγες σάκεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσι πεφρικυῖαι 4.282

, cf. 7.62; φρίξας εὐλόφῳ σφηκώματι, of the crest of a helmet, S.Fr. 341; of a tree,

φρίσσουσα ζεφύροις Pl.Eleg.25

;

φιάλα χρυσῷ πεφρικυῖα Pi.I.6(5).40

; χερσὶ δεξιωνύμοις ἔφριξεν αἰθήρ, of a crowd holding up their hands to vote, A.Supp. 608; of hair, mane, or bristles, bristle up, stand on end, μηδ' ὀρθαὶ φρίσσωσιν [τρίχες] Hes.Op. 540, cf. Arist.HA 560b8, Pr. 888a38;

ἔφριξαν ἔθειραι Theoc. 25.244

; of foliage, φύλλα πεφρικότα, opp. κεκλιμένα, Thphr.HP3.9.4: c.acc. of respect, φρίξας εὖ λοφιήν having set up his bristly mane, Od.19.446;

φ. τρίχας Hes.Sc. 391

; φ. νῶτον, αὐχένας, Il.13.473, Hes.Sc. 171;

χαίταν Ar.Ra. 822

(lyr.); also πτεροῖσι νῶτα πεφρίκοντες bristling on their backs with feathers, Pi.P.4.183;

λέοντος δέρος χαίτῃ πεφρικός E.Ph. 1121

.

2 ἄσθματι φρίσσων πνοάς ruckling in his throat, of one just dying, dub.l. in Pi.N.10.74.

3 of the rippling surface of smooth water (cf.

φρίξ 1

),

φ. θάλασσαι.. πνοιῇσι D.P.112

, cf. Alciphr.1.1; of breakers,

ῥηγμῖνες φ. A.R.4.1575

, cf. Ael.NA7.33; also of rain,

φρίσσοντες ὄμβροι Pi.P.4.81

, expld. by Sch. as φρίσσειν ποιοῦντες, cf.

ὁπόταν.. φρίσσων Βορέας ἐπισπέρχῃ Id.Parth.2.18

.

II freq. of a feeling of chill, shiver, shudder:

1 of the effect of cold, shiver, Hes.Op. 512, Hp.Aff. 11, Arist.Pr. 963a33, 965a33; χωρὶς τοῦ φρῖξαι unless he catch a chill, Gal.10.803; of the teeth, chatter, D.H.Rh.10.9.

2 of the effect of fear, shudder, S.El. 1408 (lyr.), Tr. 1044;

πέφρικ' ἐγὼ μέν, αὖός εἰμι τῷ δέει Men.Epit. 480

;

φ. γαῖα πόντος τε h.Hom.27.8

; ἅλω δὲ πολλὴν.. ἔφριζα δινήσαντος I shuddered when he swung the vast shield round, A.Th. 490; οὐ φρίττουσιν (sc. animals)

ὡς φρίττουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι Phld.D.1.12

: c. acc., shudder at one,

οἵ τέ σε πεφρίκασι Il.11.383

;

πάντες δέ με πεφρίκασιν 24.775

, cf. Pi.O.7.38, S.Ant. 997, Ar.Nu. 1133;

τῶν δημοτέων φ. τὸν ἥκιστον Herod.2.30

;

τοὺς τελώνας πᾶσα νῦν θύρη φρίσσει Id.6.64

;

πεφρικέναι τὸν θάνατον Phld.Mort. 39

;

φρίττουσι τὴν σύντροφόν τε καὶ φίλην οἱ ἰχθύες θάλατταν Ael.NA9.57

: c. acc. et inf., πέφρικα.. Ἐρινὺν τελέσαι I tremble at the thought of her accomplishing.., A.Th. 720 (lyr.) (but not c. dat., for ἐρετμοῖσι φρίξουσι they shall shudder at the oars is f.l. for φρύξουσι in Orac. ap. Hdt.8.96): c. part., πέφρικα λεύσσων I shudder at seeing, A.Supp. 346;

φ. σε δερκομένα Id.Pr. 540

(lyr.), cf. 695 (lyr.): c. inf., fear to do, D.21.135: c. Prep.,

φ. πρὸς τοὺς πόνους Plu.2.8f

;

φ. πρὸς τὴν ἀκοὴν τῆς Ῥωμαίων τέχνης Lib.Or.24.16

;

φ. ὑπὲρ ὧν προσήκει παθεῖν D.51.9

.

3 feel a holy thrill or awe at,

ἐν ἱερῷ φ. ἅπαντα καὶ προσκυνεῖν Plu.2.26b

;

τοὺς θεοὺς πέφρικα Jul.Or.7.212b

, al.

4 thrill with passionate joy,

ἔφριξ' ἔρωτι S.Aj. 693

, A.Fr. 387.—Rare in early Prose, exc. in the sense of shuddering, fearing, Pl.R. 387c, Phdr. 251a, D.ll.cc.

ἀποτρᾱχύνω, [tense] pf.

A

ἀποτετράχυκα D.H.Comp.22

:— make rough or hard: metaph., τὴν ἁρμογήν l.c.; but ἀ. τὴν ἀκοήν grate on the ear, Id.Dem.43:—[voice] Pass., to be or become rough or hard, Thphr.HP6.4.2.

ἡδύν-ω, [tense] aor. 1

A

ἥδῡνα Pl.Tht. 175e

, Diph.24:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. 1

ἡδύνθην Antiph.90

: [tense] pf.

ἥδυσμαι Pl.

(v. infr.), inf.

ἡδύνθαι Phot.

: ([etym.] ἡδύς):— season a dish, c. acc., [ κόκκυγας] Epich.164;

ὄψον Pl.Tht.

l.c.;

κρόμμυον.. οὐ μόνον σῖτον ἀλλὰ καὶ ποτὸν ἡδύνει X.Smp.4.8

; make pleasant, γεῦσιν, οἴνους, Thphr.Od.9,10; even of salt (cf.

ἡδονή 11

), Arist.Mete. 359a34.

II metaph.,

ἡ. θῶπας λόγους Pl.Tht.

l.c.;

ὁ ποιητὴς ἡ. τὸ ἄτοπον Arist.Po. 1460b2

:—[voice] Pass.,

τὴν ἡδυσμένην μοῦσαν παραδέξῃ ἐν μέλεσιν Pl.R. 607a

, cf. Arist.Po. 1449b28, Pol. 1340b17, D.H.Comp. 25;

τοὺς λόγους ἡδύνεσθαι ἄν τι ὑπὸ τῶν φθόγγων X.Smp.6.4

.

2 delight, coax, gratify,

κόλαξ ἥδυνέ τινα λόγῳ Diph.24

;

ἡ. τὴν ἀκοήν D.H.Comp.14

:—[voice] Pass., Timo17.

γλῠκ-αίνω, [tense] fut. [suff] γλῠκ-ᾰνῶ LXX Si.12.16: [tense] aor.

A

ἐγλύκᾱνα D.L.8.70

:— sweeten, LXX Si.27.23; opp. πικραίνω, D.L. l.c.; affect with a sensation of sweetness,

τὴν ἀκοήν D.H. Comp.15

: abs., produce an effect of sweetness, in Music, Aristox.Harm.p.23 M.:—more freq. in [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

γλυκανθήσομαι LXX Si.49.1

: [tense] aor.

ἐγλυκάνθην Hp.Morb.3.17

, Mosch.3.110: [tense] pf.

γεγλύκασμαι Ath.9.384d

, but ἀπ-εγλ. Diph.Siph.ib.2.55f:—to be sweetened, turn sweet, Hp.Aër.8, Arist.Ph. 244b23; to be affected with a sensation of sweetness, D.H.Comp.12, Ph.1.121.

εὐκριν-ής, ές, ([etym.] κρίνω)

A well-separated, X.Eq.Mag.3.3; well-opened, στόματα (sc. τῆς μήτρας) Hp.Mul.1.17 (s. v.l., cf. 111).

II distinct, clear, τῆμος δ' εὐκρινέες τ' αὖραι καὶ πόντος ἀπήμων then the winds are regular, steady, Hes.Op. 670;

ἡ διάγνωσις εὐ. γενήσεται Is.10.2

; οὐκ εὐκρινές ἐστι πρὸς τὴν ἀκοήν there is no clear discernment, Arist.Pr. 903a17. Adv. -

νῶς, ἔχειν Pl. Sph. 242c

;

εὐκρινέστερον ἰδεῖν Id.R. 564c

; οὐκ εὐκρινῶς εἴτε.. εἴτε .. without distinction, Str.16.4.20, cf. 6.1.11.

2 of literary style, pellucid, opp. ἀμφίβολον, Phld.Po.1676.8; τὸ καθαρὸν καὶ εὐ. Hermog. Id.1.1; of authors, such as Critias and Xenophon, ib.2.11, 12.

III well-arranged, in good order, Hp.Mul.1.17 (if σώματα be read);

πάντα.. εὐκρινέα ποιέεσθαι Hdt.9.42

. Adv. -

νῶς, κεῖσθαι X. Oec.8.19

.

2 of bandages, simple, not creased, Hp.Off.10, cf. Gal. 18(2).776. Adv. - νῶς ib.725; [dialect] Ion. -

νέως Hp.Off.3

.

IV having had a favourable crisis, convalescent,

σωμάτιον Isoc.Ep.4.11

, cf. Hsch.; but, indicating a good crisis, favourable, of symptoms, Hp.Coac. 604, Antyll. ap. Orib.9.4.2: metaph., Men.Pk. 163.

2 ofillnesses, easily brought to a crisis, Hp.Aph.3.8, Epid.2.1.5 ([comp] Sup.).

3 = νεκρός, Hsch.: [dialect] Att. use, acc. to EM392.32.

θλάω, imper.

A

θλῆ Herod.

(v. infr.); inf.

θλᾶν Gal.UP13.8

; part. θλῶσα ib.13.3: [ per.] 3sg. [tense] impf. ἔθλα ([etym.] συγκατ-) Machoap.Ath.8.348f: [tense] fut. θλάσω [pron. full] [ᾰ] ([etym.] ἐν-) Hp.Int.44: [tense] aor. ἔθλᾰσα, [dialect] Ep. θλάσσα (v. infr.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

θλασθήσομαι Gal.UP12.15

: [tense] aor.

ἐθλάσθην Hp.Ulc.6

: [tense] pf. τέθλασμαι ([etym.] συν-) Alex.270, Ph.1.609, Theoc.22.45:—crush, bruise,

θλάσσε δέ οἱ κοτύλην Il.5.307

;

ὀστέα δ' εἴσω ἔθλασεν Od.18.97

;

οὔτ' ἔρρηξε βαλὼν οὔτ' ἔθλασε Hes.Sc. 140

; [φωνὴν] ὥσπερ θλῶσαν [τὴν ἀκοήν] S.E.M.6.40: sens. obsc.,

αὐτὸς τὰ σαυτοῦ θλῆ Herod.2.83

:—[voice] Pass., Arist.Pr. 890a3, Herod.3.44;

τεθλασμένος οὔατα πυγμαῖς Theoc.

l.c.;

ῥάβδος -μένη LXX 4 Ki.18.21

.

2 overload(?),

τὰς ἅλως PFay.112.20

(i A.D.).

3 metaph., oppress, LXXJd.10.8,al. (Cf. φλάω.)

κνήθ-ω, later form of κνάω,

A scratch,

ὡς λέγεται, κνήθειν οἶδεν ὄνος τὸν ὄνον AP12.238.8

(Strat.), cf. Moer.p.234 P.:—[voice] Med., κνήθεσθαι εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας τὰ ἕλκη to get one's sores scratched, Arist.HA 609a32.

2 [voice] Pass., itch, Paul. Aeg.6.60;

κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν 2 Ep.Ti.4.3

; to be provoked, Arist. Pr. 957b15.

μαθ-ημᾰτικός, ή, όν,

A = μαθητικός, fond of learning, Pl.Ti. 88c.

II scientific,

τὸ μ. εἶδος Id.Sph. 219c

; esp. mathematical, μαθηματικός, ὁ, mathematician, Arist.Ph. 193b31, EN 1142a17, Phld.Acad.Ind.p.16 M., Ceb.34: ἡ-κή (sc. ἐπιστήμη) mathematics, Archyt.1 tit., Arist.Metaph. 1026a14; αἱ -καί ib.26; φιλοσοφία μ. ib.19; τὰ μ. mathematics, Id.EN 1151 a17; also, mathematical entities, Id.Metaph. 1076a17; γραμμὴ μ. a mathematicalline, opp. γ. φυσική, Id.Ph. 194a11;

κύκλοι μ. Id.Metaph. 1036a4

;

ἁρμονικὴ ἥ τε μ. καὶ ἡ κατὰ τὴν ἀκοήν Id.APo. 79a1

: [comp] Comp. - κωτέρα ὕλη too mathematical, Id.Metaph. 992b2. Adv. - κῶς ib. 995a6, Str.2.5.1, etc.

2 astronomical,

οἱ μ. κανόνες Plu.2.974f

; ἡ -κή astronomy, S.E.M.5.104.

b astrological,

ἡ μ. τέχνη Sallust.9

, cf. Gal. 19.529; ὁ μ. astrologer, M.Ant.4.48, S.E.M.5.2, Porph. ap. Eus.PE 6.1, etc.

3 among the Pythagoreans, οἱ μ. (opp. οἱ ἀκουσματικοί) advanced students, Porph.VP37, Iamb.VP18.81.

νωθρ-ός, ά, όν,

A = νωθής, Hp.VM10, Prorrh.1.102, 117, etc. ;

ν. σφυγμοί Id.Coac. 136

, Aret.SA2.9 ; καταφορὴ ν. falling into a heavy sleep, Hp.Epid.3.6, cf. Nic.Th. 165 ;

ν. κινήσεις Arist.PA 696b6

;

ν. σύνεσις Demetr.Lac.Herc.1014.58

;

τῇ κινήσει ν. Arist.HA 622b32

;

ν. ὁδίτης Call.Fr. 275

;

νωθρότερος τὴν ἀκοήν Hld.5.1

. Adv. -

θρῶς Archyt.

I ; leisurely, gradually, Hp.Aph.2.7 : neut. as Adv.,

ὄμμασι νωθρὰ βλέπουσα AP5.54

(Diosc.).

2 of the mind,

ν. καὶ λήθης γέμοντες Pl. Tht. 144b

, cf. Amips.16 ([comp] Comp.) ;

στόματα Anaxipp.1.44

([comp] Comp.) ;

ν. καὶ μωροί Arist.Pr. 954a31

;

ἡσύχιος καὶ ν. Plb.31.23.11

;

νωθραῖς ἐλπίσιν Babr.16.7

. Adv.

ἀγεννῶς καὶ νωθρῶς Plb.3.90.6

.

II [voice] Act., making sluggish,

νότοι Hp.Aph.3.5

, cf. S.E.M.6.48.

τέρπω, Od.1.347, etc.; [dialect] Ep. subj.

A

τέρπῃσι 17.385

: [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf.

τέρπεσκον Q.S.7.378

, AP9.136 ([place name] Cyrus): [tense] fut.

τέρψω S.Tr. 1246

, etc.: [tense] aor.

ἔτερψα h.Pan.47

, E.Heracl. 433, Pl.Lg. 658b:—the [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med. have a fivefold [tense] aor.,

1

ἐτέρφθην Od.5.74

, 8.131, 17.174, S.OC 1140, E. Ion 541 (troch.); rare in Prose, X.Mem.2.1.24.

2 [dialect] Ep. ἐτάρφθην, τάρφθην, Od.6.99, 19.213, 251, 21.57.

3 [dialect] Ep. ἐτάρπην, τάρπην, 23.300, Il.11.780, al.; inf.

ταρπῆναι Od.23.212

, and ταρπήμεναι ib. 346, Il.24.3; subj. τρᾰπείω, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 1pl. τρᾰπείομεν (v. infr. 11.2).

4 [dialect] Ep. also ἐταρπόμην, only in [ per.] 1pl. subj.

ταρπώμεθα Od.4.295

, al.; also redupl. through all moods,

τετάρπετο Il.19.19

, 24.513;

τεταρπώμεσθα Od.11.212

, Il.23.10,98;

τεταρπόμενος Od. 1.310

, al.

5 [tense] aor. 1 ἐτερψάμην, in [dialect] Ep. subj.

τέρψομαι 16.26

(but τέρψομαι is [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in Il.20.23, S.Fr. 677); opt.

τέρψαιτο h.Ap. 153

; part.

τερψάμενος Od.12.188

:—delight, gladden, cheer,

ὅ κεν τέρπῃσιν ἀείδων 17.385

;

τῇ [φόρμιγγι] ὅ γε θυμὸν ἔτερπεν Il.9.189

, al.;

πεσσοῖσι.. θυμὸν ἔτερπον Od.1.107

;

καὶ τὸν ἔτερπε λόγοις Il. 15.393

;

τοὐμὸν.. τ. κέαρ S.Tr. 1246

; θοίνῃ σε τ. Achae.17; ἡ ἀγγελίη.. ἔτερψε [ αὐτούς] Hdt.8.99; sts. in [dialect] Att. Prose, ἔπεσι.. τὸ αὐτίκα τέρψει will give momentary pleasure, Th.2.41, cf. Pl.Lg. 658b, 658e, etc.; τ. τὴν ἀκοήν, τὰς ἀκοάς, Phld.Po.5.26,28; ἧλιξ τέρπει τὸν ἥλικα, prov. in Pl.Phdr. 240c, etc.: abs., give delight, Od.1.347, 8.45, S.Aj. 475; τὰ τέρποντα delights, Id.OC 1217 (lyr.); ῥήματα τέρψαντά τι ib. 1281;

οἱ τέρποντες λόγῳ ῥήτορες Th.3.40

;

τὰ τέρψοντα X.Ages.9.4

.

II more freq. in [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med.,

1 in [dialect] Ep. the [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. is used, c. gen. rei, have full enjoyment of, enjoy to one's heart's content,

ἐπεὶ τάρπημεν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος Il.11.780

;

ἐπεὶ τάρπησαν ἐδωδῆς Od.3.70

;

σίτου τάρφθεν 6.99

;

τεταρπόμενοι φίλον ἦτορ σίτου καὶ οἴνοιο Il.9.705

; ὕπνου, εὐνῆς ταρπήμεναι, 24.3, Od.23.346; φιλότητος ἐταρπήτην ib. 300; ἥβης ταρπῆναι ib. 212: metaph., take one's fill of lamentation,

τεταρπώμεσθα γόοιο Il.23.10

,98, Od. 11.212, cf. 19.213, 21.57.

2 enjoy or delight oneself, c. dat. instr.,

φρένα τ. φόρμιγγι Il.9.186

;

μύθοισι Od.23.301

;

δαιτί 1.26

;

γόῳ φρένα 4.102

;

δίσκοισιν Il.2.774

;

ἐν θαλίῃς Od.11.603

, Hes.Op. 115; φιλότητι (or ἐν φ.)

τραπείομεν εὐνηθέντε Il.3.441

, 14.314 (whereas in the phrase λέκτρονδε τραπείομεν εὐνηθέντες (v.l. -θέντε), Od.8.292, the form τραπείομεν seems to be taken by the poet as belonging to τρέπω, though others retain the usu. sense by connecting λέκτρονδε with εὐνηθέντες or by punctuating after λέκτρονδε); so in Trag.,

λαμπάδι τερπόμεναι A.Eu. 1042

(lyr.), cf. S.OC 1140, etc.; delight in,

τῇ τῶν πυραμίδων μεγαλειότητι OGI666.26

(Egypt, i A.D.);

τοῖς εὐώδεσι Sor. 2.29

;

ἐπί τισι E.Rh. 194

: c. part.,

λόγοις.. οἷς σὺ μὴ τέρψῃ κλύων S.Ant. 691

;

τέρπεται τιμώμενος E.Ba. 321

; τί ἂν.. ἀκούσας τερφθείης; X.Mem.2.1.24: abs., πῖνε καὶ τέρπευ drink and be merry, Hdt.2.78.

3 with internal acc., οἴην μοῖραν δέκα μοιρέων τέρπεται ἀνήρ has only one tenth part of the enjoyment, Hes.Fr. 162;

κενὴν ἐτερπόμην.. τέρψιν S.Fr. 577

;

τέρπου κενὴν ὄνησιν E.Or. 1043

.

4 freq. with words which limit its sense,

θυμῷ Il.19.313

, Od.16.26;

θυμόν Il.21.45

;

κατὰ θυμόν Hes.Op.58

, 358;

φρένα Il.1.474

, Od.4.102, etc.;

φρεσὶν ᾗσι τετάρπετο Il.19.19

, cf. Od.5.74;

ἐνὶ φρεσίν 8.368

;

τεταρπόμενος φίλον κῆρ 1.310

;

ἀπάταισι θυμὸν τέρπεται Pi.P.2.74

. (Cf. Skt. trpnoti 'take one's fill', Causative tarpáyati 'delight (trans.)', Opruss. ka enterpo.. ? 'what is the use of..?', Goth. paurfts, OE. pearf 'benefit', Goth. parf 'I need'.)